2013 Kickoff of the Certification Products Contracts (CPC), is the first of a two-phase certification plan. The three U.S. companies work with NASA to develop data products to implement the agency's flight safety and performance requirements. This includes implementation across all aspects of the space system, including the spacecraft, launch vehicle, and ground and mission operations. NASA awards a total of about $30 million under the CPC contracts. Companies include: • Boeing • Sierra Nevada Corporation • SpaceX 2014 Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCap), the second of a two-phase certification plan for commercially built and operated integrated crew transportation systems, begins. Through its certification efforts, NASA will ensure the selected commercial transportation systems meet the agency’s safety and performance requirements for transporting NASA crew to the International Space Station. NASA awards a total of $6.8 billion under CCtCap contracts. Companies include: • Boeing • SpaceX 2015 NASA names four astronauts as Commercial Crew Cadre to work with Boeing and SpaceX as the companies refine their spacecraft systems. The crew provides invaluable user experience feedback to help shape their hardware and systems to ensure they are ready for flight. Astronauts include: • Bob Behnken • Eric Boe • Doug Hurley • Suni Williams 2016 Boeing and SpaceX design and manufacture hardware for testing to ensure their spacecraft can handle the harsh environment of space. The International Docking Adapter, or IDA, is installed on the International Space Station. Two IDAs will ultimately serve as the docking points for Boeing's CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon. 2017 Boeing and SpaceX continue development and testing to prepare for emergency situations and ensure human safety. Boeing and SpaceX unveil brand-new spacesuits to be worn by crews while on board each company's spacecraft.